EMBEDDED SYSTEM
This system is a combination of hardware & software. Its functioning is based upon the Microcontroller or Microprocessor. Basically there is no difference between Microcontroller & Microprocessor from the industrial point of view.
Microcontroller consists of Microprocessor , RAM, ROM & output port (buffer) . So most of the industries don’t use Microprocessor rather they use Microcontroller.
Microcontroller has an additional feature of external Memory control ie; it also has an external memory that can be used as per the requirements.
The main advantage of Microcontroller is its cost effectiveness. When we use Microprocessor we have to use external ROM , RAM and outputs ports. So , the total cost increases to about 400 to 500 Rupees. Whereas Microcontroller costs only about 40 to 50 Rupees.
I emphasise further that Microcontroller has an inbuilt Microprocessor so, we don’t need to program Microprocessor individually rather it is being programmed along with the Microcontroller.
Microcontrollers extensively used in the industry are:
1. 8051 MICROCONTROLLER (MCS51)
2. PIC MICROCONTROLLER
3. AVR MICROCONTROLLER
4. DSP (DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR)
1.8051 MICROCONTROLLER : It was first launched in the market by INTEL (8051) . After this ATMEL launched another Microcontroller series 89C51(MCS51).Today almost 80% of the industries working on Telecom ,Weighing Machine, EPABX (electronic private automatic branch exchange),Conference settings etc use ATMEL microcontrollers , the main reason being it is cheaper than other Microcontrollers.
2. PIC MICROCONTROLLER : The process industries where measurement instruments are manufactured use this PIC MICROCONTROLLER.
The main feature of this PIC MICROCONTROLLER is that it has an inbuilt ADC .ADC (analog to digital convertor) is used to sense the incoming analog signal and convert this analog signal to the digital signal at the output .
Advantage of PIC MICROCONTROLLER over the ATMEL , MCS51 is that we have to add an external ADC there by the cost of products increases approx. 80 Rs. So, PIC MICROCONTROLLER is more cost effective than the Microcontroller.
3. AVR MICROCONTROLLER: It is manufactured by ATMEL . AVR is the more advanced series of Microcontroller introduced by ATMEL .Its main feature is that it has an inbuild ADC. AVR is slightly costlier than the PIC microcontroller.but its added Advantage is that it is easily programmable because it contains more easy instruction set than PIC MICROCONTROLLER.
DSP: DSP is an area of science & technology that has developed rapidly over the past few decades . DSP is a mathematical manipulation of discrete time signals to get more desirable properties of the signals such as less distortion & less noise . It is being used where the generation of pure sine wave .
It finds application in various fields such as :-
- Speech Communication
- Image Processing
- Radar Engineering
- Biomedical Engineering
Embedded systems are found in a variety of common electronic devices such as comsumer eletronics , home appliances , office automations , business equipments etc .
One might say that nearly any electrical device either already has or will soon have a computing system embedded into it .
Now how can we exactly define what embedded system actually is ? We can say that it is any computing system other than desktop computer . But embedded system are distinguishable from other computing systems as :-
They are single functioning systems ie; they perform single task repeatedly , whereas desktop computers are multifunctioning systems .
They are tightly constrained systems.They must cost less ,must be sized to fit on single chip, must perform fast enough to process data and must consume minimum power to extend battery life
They must continually react to changes in system’s environment and must compute certain results without delay.
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